Electronic Circuits

Electronic Circuits

A circuit is a mains (interconnection of two or more components, such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, power switches and semiconductor) that contains at least one closed path. A linear circuit, consisting of sources, linear components (resistors, capacitors, inductors) and linear distribution elements (transmission lines or cables), has the property of linear superposition. They are also easier to analyze, using methods in the frequency domain, to determine their response to direct current into alternating current and transient.

A resistive circuit is a circuit that contains only resistors and voltage and current sources. Analysis of resistive circuits is less complicated than the analysis of circuits containing capacitors and inductors. If sources are direct current, it is called direct current circuit.

A circuit board having electronic components is called an electronic circuit. These networks are generally nonlinear and designs and tools require more complex analysis.

components

• Component: A device with two or more terminals where a load can flow inside. In Figure 1 are nine components between resistors and sources.

• Node: Point a circuit where more than two drivers concur. A, B, C, D, E are nodes. Note that C is not considered as a new node, since it can be considered as the same node A as including no potential difference or voltage have 0 (VA - VC = 0).

• Rama: Set of all branches of between two consecutive nodes. In Figure 1, seven branches are: the source AB, BC by R1, AD, AE, BD, BE, DE. Obviously, for a branch can only drive a current.

• Mesh: Any closed path in an electrical circuit.

• Source: The component that is responsible for transforming some energy into electrical energy. In the circuit of Figure 1 there are three sources of current, I, and two voltage, E1 and E2.

• Conductor: Commonly called wire; It is a negligible resistance wire (ideally zero) connecting the elements to form the circuit.

Fundamental Laws

There are fundamental laws that govern any electrical circuit. These are:

Kirchhoff's current law: The sum of the currents entering through a node must equal the sum of the currents leaving by that node.

Law Kirchhoff stress: The sum of the voltages in a loop must be 0.

Ohm's law: Voltage on resistance equals the product of the value of said resistance by the current flowing through it.

Norton's Theorem: Any network that has a source of voltage or current, and at least one resistor is equivalent to an ideal current source in parallel with a resistor.

Thevenin theorem: Any network that has a source of voltage or current, and at least one resistor is equivalent to an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor.

Superposition theorem: In a grid with several independent sources, the response of a particular industry when all sources are active simultaneously is equal to the linear sum of the individual responses taking an independent source at a time.

If the circuit is not linear and reactive components may be required other more complex laws. In applying these laws or theorems a system of linear equations that can be solved manually or by computer will occur.