Classification of robots

According to the chronology

Which then arises is the most common classification:

• 1st Generation.

Manipulators. They are multifunctional mechanical systems with a single control system, either manually, sequence or fixed sequence.

• 2nd Generation.

Robots learning. Repeating a sequence of movements that has been previously performed by a human operator. The way is through a mechanical device. The operator performs the required movements while the robot followed and memorized.

• 3rd Generation.

Robots with sensorised control. The controller is a computer running a program orders and sends them to the handler to make the necessary movements.

• 4th Generation.

Intelligent robots. They are similar to the above, but also have sensors that send information to the control computer on the state of the process. This enables intelligent decision making and process control in real time.

Depending on their structure

The structure is defined by the type of general configuration of the robot, it can be metamorphic. The concept of metamorphism, emerging, has been introduced to increase the functional flexibility of a Robot by changing your settings for the robot itself. Metamorphism supports various levels, from the most basic (tool change or terminal effect) to the more complex as the change or alteration of some of its elements or structural subsystems. The devices and mechanisms that can be grouped under the generic name of the Robot, as noted, are very diverse and it is therefore difficult to establish a coherent classification of them to withstand a critical and rigorous analysis. The subdivision of the Robots, based on its architecture, is made in the following groups: polyarticulated, phones, androids, zoomorphic and hybrids.

• polyarticulated

In this group are variously Robots and configuration, whose common characteristic is to be basically sedentary (although exceptionally can be guided to perform limited displacements) and being structured to move its terminal elements in a given workspace by one or more coordinate systems, and with a limited number of degrees of freedom. In this group are the manipulators, industrial robots, Cartesian Robots are used and when it should cover a relatively large working area or elongated, acting on objects with a vertical plane of symmetry or reduce the space occupied on the ground.

• Mobile

They are robots with increased mobility, based on carts or platforms and equipped with a rolling type locomotor system. They go their way or remotely guided by the information received from its environment through its sensors. These Robots ensure transport of parts from one point to another in a production line. Guided by clues materialized through the electromagnetic radiation of circuits embedded in the ground, or by bands detected photoelectrically, they may even overcome obstacles and are endowed with a relatively high level of intelligence.

• Androids

They are robots trying to reproduce the shape and kinematic behavior of human beings. Currently, the androids are still very poorly developed and of no practical use devices, and intended mainly to study and experimentation. One of the most complex aspects of these robots, and on which most of the work focuses is to bipedal locomotion. In this case, the main problem is dynamic and coordinated control in real time the process and simultaneously balance the Robot.

• zoomorphic

Zoomorphic Robots, which considered not restrictive sense could also include the androids, it is mainly characterized by a kind of locomotion systems that mimic the various living beings. Despite the morphological differences between their systems of locomotion is possible to group the zoomorphic robots into two main categories: non-walkers and walkers. The group of non-walkers zoomorphic Robots is very little changed. Experiments performed in Japan based beveled cylindrical segments axially coupled together and having relative rotational movement. Robots zoomorphic multípedos walkers are numerous and are the subject of experiments in various laboratories for the further development of real terrain, piloted and autonomous vehicles, able to evolve in very rough surfaces. The applications of these robots will be interesting in the field of space exploration and the study of volcanoes.

• Hybrid
  

They correspond to those difficult to classify, whose structure is in combination with any of the above given above, either by combination or juxtaposition. For example, a segmented and articulated with wheels, at the same time, one of the attributes of mobile robots and zoomorphic Robots.